1.4 Overview of Software Applications
1.4.4 Graphics applications
Graphics applications are used to create or modify graphical images. The two types include object-based or vector-based and bitmaps or raster images. To understand the difference, imagine using one to create a letter "T". The bitmap would represent this as if the "T" was drawn on graph paper and the corresponding squares were shaded in. A vector-based graphic would describe the "T" with geometrical elements like "two rectangular shapes of the same size, one standing up, the other resting on top at its middle". The difference may seem unimportant, and the vector method might seem overly complex, but it is actually much better. The vector-based graphic can be enlarged or shrunk to any size, whereas a bitmap will show the individual "squares" if the image is enlarged. Generally, bitmaps also require much more file space than vector graphics.

There are several types of graphic programs. They can be roughly broken down into four main categories. These categories are image editing, illustration, animation, and 3D graphics.

  • Image editing – The industry standard image editing software is Adobe Photoshop. Its vast tool set makes it possible to manipulate and create raster (bitmap) images.
  • Illustration – The most popular illustration software is Adobe Illustrator. It has a tool set similar to Photoshop, yet it creates vector-based images as opposed to raster images.
  • Animation – Animation is the process of creating sequential images that, when played in a series, give the impression of continuous movement. There are many ways to accomplish this task. The most popular types of animation are Frame-by-Frame animation and Keyframe animation. Frame-by-frame animation involves the creation of each frame, while Keyframe animation allows the animator to define two key points and uses the computer to calculate the "In between" frames. This process is commonly called Tweening.
  • 3D Graphics – Using a simulated three-dimensional environment, geometric objects can be created, textured, painted, and animated. This geometry can have real world scale and depth to assist in the creation of floor plans, model cars, or even special effects for movies.

Another type of application worth mentioning is Computer-Aided Design (CAD). CAD applications enable architects and engineers to draft plans. AutoCAD is a popular CAD application. Other graphics applications find their use in multimedia, audio, and games.